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TempleOS is a public domain, open source (requires source code to boot) multitasking OS for amd64 processors without EFI support. It's fully cooperatively multitasked and all code runs in Ring 0. This means that system calls that normally require a context switch are just normal function calls. All ram is identity-mapped too, so sharing memory between tasks is as easy as passing a pointer. There's a locking intrinsyc too. It has full documentation (with graphical diagrams) embedded directly in source code.
This is outsider art. The artist of this art, Terry A. Davis (1969-2018, RIP), had very poor mental health before he was struck by a train and died. I hope he is at peace.
However, in direct spite of this, I believe that TempleOS has immediately applicable lessons to teach about OS and compiler design. I want to use this blogpost series to break the genius down and separate it out from the insanity, bit by bit.
This is not intended to make fun of the mentally ill, disabled or otherwise incapacitated. This is not an endorsement of any of Davis' political views. This is intended to glorify and preserve his life's work that so few can currently really grasp the scope of.
If for some reason you are having issues downloading the TempleOS ISO, I have uploaded my copy of it here. Here is its SHA512 sum:
Choosing Hardware
TempleOS doesn't have support for very much hardware. This OS mostly relies on hard-coded IRQ numbers, VGA 640x480 graphics, the fury of the PC speaker, and standard IBM PC hardware like PS/2 keyboards and mice. If you choose actual hardware to run this on, your options are sadly very limited because hard disk controllers like to spray their IRQ's all over the place.
I have had the best luck with the following hardware:
- Dell Inspiron 530 Core 2 Quad
- 4 GB of DDR2 RAM
- PS/2 Mouse
- PS/2 Keyboard
- 400 GB IDE HDD
Honestly you should probably run TempleOS in a VM because of how unstable it is when left alone for long periods of time.
VM Hypervisors
TempleOS works decently with VirtualBox and VMWare; however only VMWare supports PC speaker emulation, which may or may not be essential to properly enjoying TempleOS in its true form. This blogpost series will be using VirtualBox for practicality reasons.
Setting Up the VM
TempleOS is a 64 bit OS, so pick the type Other and the version Other/Unknown (64-bit). Name your VM whatever you want:
Then press Continue.
TempleOS requires 512 MB of ram to boot, so let's be safe and give it 2 gigs:
Then press Continue.
It will ask if you want to create a new hard disk. You do, so click Create:
We want a VirtualBox virtual hard drive, so click Continue:
Performance of the virtual hard disk is irrelevant for our usecases, so a dynamically expanding virtual hard disk is okay here. If you feel better choosing a fixed size allocation, that's okay too. Click Continue:
The ISO this OS comes from is 20 MB. So the default hard disk size of 2 GB is way more than enough. Click Continue:
Now the VM 'hardware' is set up.
Installation
TempleOS actually includes an installer on the live CD. Power up your hardware and stick the CD into it, then click Start:
Within a few seconds, the VM compiles the compiler, kernel and userland and then dumps you to this screen, which should look conceptually familiar:
We would like to install on the hard drive, so press y:
We're using VirtualBox, so press y again (if you aren't, be prepared to enter the IRQ's of your hard drive/s and CD drive/s):
Press any key and wait for the freeze to happen.
The installer will take over from here, copying the source code of the OS, Compiler and userland as well as compiling a bootstrap kernel:
After a few seconds, it will ask you if you want to reboot. You do, so press y one final time:
Make sure to remove the TempleOS live CD from your hardware or it will be booted instead of the new OS.
Usage
The TempleOS Bootloader presents a helpful menu to let you choose if you want to boot from a copy of the old boot record (preserved at install time), drive C or drive D. Press 1:
The first boot requires the dictionary to be uncompressed as well as other housekeeping chores, so let it do its thing:
Once it is done, you will see if the option to take the tour. I highly suggest going through this tour, but that is beyond the scope of this article, so we'll assume you pressed n:
Using the Compiler
The 'shell' is itself an interface to the HolyC (similar to C) compiler. There is no difference between a 'shell' REPL and a HolyC repl. This is stupidly powerful:
Let's make this into a 'program' and disassemble it. This is way easier than it sounds because TempleOS is a fully featured amd64 debugger as well.
Open a new file with Ed('HelloWorld.HC'); (the semicolon is important):
Now press Alt-Shift-a to kill autocomplete:
Click the X in the upper right-hand corner to close the other shell window:
Finally press drag the right side of the window to maximize the editor pane:
Let's put the hello word example into the program and press F5 to run it:
Neat! Close that shell window that just popped up. Let's put this hello world code into a function:
Now press F5 again:
Temple Jump - Prepare To Fall Edition Mac Os 8
Let's disassemble it:
The Uf function also works with anything else, including things like the editor:
All of the red underscored things that look like links actually are links to the source code of functions. While the HolyC compiler builds things, it internally keeps a sourcemap (much like webapp sourcemaps or how gcc relates errors at runtime to lines of code for the developer) of all of the functions it compiles. Let's look at the definition of Free():
And from here you can dig deeper into the kernel source code.
Next Steps
From here I suggest a few next steps:
- Go through the tour I told you to ignore. It teaches you a lot about the basics of using TempleOS.
- Figure out how to navigate the filesystem (Hint:
Dir()andCdwork about as you'd expect). - Start digging through documentation and system source code (Hint: they are one and the same).
- Look at the demos in
C:/Demo. Future blogposts in this series will be breaking apart some of these.
I don't really know if I can suggest watching archived Terry Davis videos on youtube. His mental health issues start becoming really apparent and intrusive into the content. However, if you do decide to watch them, I suggest watching them as sober as possible. There will be up to three coherent trains of thought at once. You will need to spend time detangling them, but there's a bunch of gems on how to use TempleOS hidden in them there hills. Gems I hope to dig out for you in future blogposts.
Have fun and be well.
This article was posted on M05 20 2019. Facts and circumstances may have changed since publication. Please contact me before jumping to conclusions if something seems wrong or unclear.
Series: templeos
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The art for Mara was drawn by Selicre.
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Temple Jump - Prepare To Fall Edition Mac Os Pro
The iOS 13 public beta is out now, and it look like a smorgasbord of all the things we ever wanted. Dark Mode! Siri support for music apps! Better video editing! Overhauled Maps! A swiping keyboard! Smaller downloads!
It’s really tempting to pop over to beta.apple.com and jump on the beta bandwagon. (For more on how to install the beta, and how to uninstall it, read our guide.)
But you might want to pump the breaks a bit. Running beta software has sometimes serious consequences, and not all the wonderful features of iOS 13 are even available yet in the beta. To help you decide if you should participate in the iOS 13 or iPadOS 13 public beta, we prepared this short guide.
Three beta OS principles
No matter who you are, there are three core principles for running any beta operating system, and they certainly hold true for iOS 13 as well.
- Be ready for disaster. You may have to restart your device from scratch or return to iOS 12, so make sure anything even remotely important is backed up and easy to recover. As a rule of thumb, if you’re not prepared for your iPhone or iPad to be dropped into the deep ocean, you’re not ready to run a beta operating system.
- Don’t use a device you rely on. If you need your iPhone or iPad for your day-to-day work or for emergency contacts or really any other “can’t live without it” function, don’t run an iOS beta on it. Whenever possible, use a secondary device that won’t ruin your life if it becomes unusable. At the very least, make sure you have an old device available and up-to-date to use as a backup.
- Report any and all problems. When you run the iOS beta, you’ll notice a Feedback app on your home screen. Use it frequently! Crashes, formatting problems, design inconsistencies, performance issues…if it’s not right, let Apple know. If an app you use doesn’t work right with iOS 13, report it to that app developer. Use official channels—simply airing your grievances on Twitter does not count! Developers rely on your reports to find out what needs to be fixed, but also to help prioritize their work, so you should report even obvious-seeming problems that you assume are already known.
Who should run the iOS 13 beta
If you honestly need to test software, you should absolutely run the iOS 13 beta, and sooner is better than later.
Perhaps you work in an IT department where you know your users will be running iOS 13 this fall, and you need to make sure the apps and authentication procedures that employees rely on will not be broken by the new release.
If the work you do relies on an iPhone or iPad as part of your everyday process, you should try to run the beta on a secondary device to make sure that your day-to-day work won’t come to a grinding halt when when iOS 13 is released this fall, and to help point report bugs in the apps you use so they’re fixed in time for the non-beta release.
If you’re a power user with a high tolerance for glitches and annoyances, and you have everything important backed up and easy to recover, go ahead and run the iOS 13 beta. The more users who try it out and provide feedback, the fewer problems we’ll all see in the final release.
Who should not run the iOS 13 beta
If you need your device to be reliable for day-to-day use, don’t run the iOS 13 beta on it. For example, if your iPhone stops working your kids can’t reach you, but you also have an iPad that’s just for fun. You can probably run the beta on your iPad (have everything backed up!), but shouldn’t run it on your iPhone.
If your device has sensitive data that is not easily backed up or recoverable, definitely do not run an iOS beta on it, even if you have a backup device you can use in a pinch.
If performance and battery life are very important to you, you might want to skip iOS betas—at least for the first couple months. While iOS 13 promises better performance than iOS 12, the beta (especially early on) is likely to be slower in some key areas. And iOS betas are notorious for poor battery life, especially in the early stages.
We should point out that some of the exciting parts of iOS 13 aren’t available yet, and won’t be until the fall. Apple Arcade has its own tab in the App Store, but it’s just a “coming soon” page right now. Those smaller app downloads and faster launch times won’t appear until developers get to publish apps to the App Store targeting iOS 13—which happens right when the official release drops in the fall. Siri support for music apps like Spotify will require app updates. Keep these things in mind when weighing the new features against potential problems.
The current state of the beta
Even if you’re interested in running the iOS 13 beta and you have backups galore and secondary devices to fall back on, you might want not want to run one of the earliest beta releases.
Historically, the first few releases of a major iOS update are, in a word, rough. Obvious bugs and missing features abound, battery life and performance are inconsistent, and crashes are common.
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So far, iOS 13 beta 3 has been released to developers (and then updated), and beta 2 has been released to public testers. The beta 3 release fixes some obvious issues, but plenty yet remain. If you run the current release, you’re really living on the edge and can expect to do a lot of bug reporting.
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It will probably take a few more releases before the iOS 13 beta is in a state where everyday enthusiasts can run it without multiple daily annoyances.